Pakistan’s Mango industry faces water threat

March 24, 2026 (MLN): Farmers in South Punjab are raising alarm as potential disruptions to river water flows threaten the region’s iconic mango industry.

Growers in key districts including Multan, Rahim Yar Khan, Muzaffargarh, and Khanewal warn that upstream water control measures, including dam construction and flow regulation by India, could significantly reduce water availability downstream, putting mango orchards at risk.

South Punjab is widely recognized as the hub of Pakistan’s mango production, producing some of the world’s finest varieties known for their sweetness, aroma, and texture.

The sector not only contributes significantly to national exports and foreign exchange earnings but also supports thousands of livelihoods from orchard owners and farm laborers to seasonal pickers, transporters, fruit merchants, and online sellers, according to APP.

During the peak season, mango gifting traditions further boost commerce, providing additional income opportunities for local businesses and digital entrepreneurs. However, growers warn that reduced water supply could lower yields, compromise fruit quality, and even damage trees that take years to mature.

Shahid Hameed Bhutta, a prominent orchard owner, stressed, “South Punjab has produced world-class mangoes for generations. Any disruption in water supply could harm production and the global reputation of Pakistani mangoes.”

Malik Arif Kalroo highlighted the broader economic impact, stating that the mango industry sustains thousands of families and any reduction in water flow would directly affect livelihoods across the region.

Malik Umar Hayat of Nawabpur also warned that water is the backbone of South Punjab’s agriculture, critical for both food security and economic stability.

Growers urged adherence to the Indus Waters Treaty, the World Bank-mediated agreement that guarantees Pakistan’s rights over the waters of three major rivers.

Once considered a successful model of water-sharing, the treaty is now under renewed scrutiny amid rising tensions.

A decline in mango production, they warn, could not only impact Pakistan’s economy but also deprive global consumers of a fruit closely tied to South Punjab’s cultural identity.

For centuries, mangoes from Multan and surrounding areas have symbolized heritage, flavor, and prosperity a legacy now at a critical juncture.

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