Dollar ascendant as investors gear up for Fed

September 21, 2022: The dollar hovered near a two-decade peak against a basket of currencies on Wednesday, after yields on U.S. Treasuries leaped ahead of an interest rate decision that is likely to set the tone in financial markets for months to come.

The U.S. dollar index =USD, which measures the greenback against a basket of currencies, was steady at 110.17 after a 0.57% overnight gain and remained not far below a 20-year high of 110.79 hit this month.

Yields on the two-year U.S. Treasury notes US2YT=RR, a rough gauge of interest rate expectations, hit 3.992% overnight, the highest since 2007, while yields on the benchmark 10-year Treasury US10YT=RR rose to 3.604%, the highest since 2011.

Higher yields increase the attraction of owning Treasuries and the dollars with which to buy them.

At 1800 GMT the Federal Reserve announces policy settings, and markets have fully priced in a 75 basis point (bp) rate increase, with a 19% chance of a 100 bp increase and a forecast for rates to peak around 4.5% by March 2023.

The focus will also be on the updated economic projections and dot plot estimates for where Fed officials see interest rates heading themselves.

"The next level we see the (U.S. dollar index) getting to in the near-term would be 112 points," said Kristina Clifton, a senior economist and senior currency strategist at Commonwealth Bank of Australia.

"If we do just get the 75 basis points from the Fed, it would take a fairly hawkish message to push the U.S. dollar up to that level."

Overnight Sweden's Riksbank surprised markets with a bigger-than-expected 100 bp increase, but it was little help to the currency SEK= - weighed by growth risks - which fell to a 20-year low after the decision. Read full story

Sterling GBP=D3 last traded $1.1381, languishing near a 37-year low of $1.1351, while the euro EUR=EBS was 0.02% lower at $0.9967, extending by a smidge its 0.56% fall overnight.

The Australian and New Zealand dollars were likewise nursing losses, with the Aussie AUD=D3 up 0.16% to $0.6701 after a shedding 0.54% overnight.

The kiwi NZD=D3 gained 0.14% to $0.5902, after falling 1% in the previous session and touching a more than two-year low of $0.5887. The Canadian dollar CAD=D3 fell to a two-year low overnight after official data showed a surprise slowdown in inflation.

The Bank of England and the Bank of Japan will also announce policy decisions on Thursday, with markets split on the magnitude of a rate hike by the former while policymakers in Japan are expected to stand pat.

"Inflation has lifted, but I think that's largely been because of food and energy, so I think they're going to want to see inflation become a bit more broad-based before they change their policy stance," said Clifton, referring to the Bank of Japan.

Japan's core consumer inflation quickened to 2.8% in August, hitting its fastest annual pace in nearly eight years and exceeding the central bank's 2% target for a fifth straight month, data released on Tuesday showed. =

The yen, which has fallen about 20% against the U.S. dollar this year, was marginally up by 0.1% at 143.56 per dollar JPY=EBS but remained not far off its 24-year low of 144.99.

Reuters