June 21, 2023 (MLN): The world's poorest countries are bearing the brunt of the world's debt crisis, at a time when they need more cash than ever to fight climate change, with top officials gathering in Paris for the Summit for a New Global Financing Pact, APP has reported some of the problems and their findings.
Which countries have the most debt?
The poorest economies already had high debt levels before Covid-19 struck, forcing them to borrow more to shore up their economies during months-long lockdowns.
Add in the war in Ukraine, which drove up global food and fuel prices, and the higher interest rates imposed by international banks to combat rising inflation, and they face a combustible mix.
"It means that countries are much less able to refinance their debt or to borrow for infrastructure projects or climate change projects," Clemence Landers, a senior policy fellow at the Center for Global Development, told AFP.
The United Nations Development Program warned in March that 25 countries are spending more than a fifth of government revenues servicing external debt.
Among the countries with the highest debt as a percentage of GDP in 2021, the report mentions Venezuela (240.5%), Sudan (181.9%), Eritrea (176.25%), Lebanon (150.6%), Cape Verde (142.3%), Suriname (125.7%) and the Maldives (124.8%).
Who are the biggest lenders?
The Paris Club of major creditor governments was formed in 1956 to find ways for heavily-indebted countries to avoid being in default. Its 22 members, all advanced economies, include the US, Japan, and most of Western Europe.
But in recent years China has overtaken the traditional creditor nations as the world's biggest lender. In Africa particularly it has emerged as a bailout force to rival Western institutions like the International Monetary Fund. India and Saudi Arabia are among the other new creditor nations.
How is debt affecting the climate crisis?
High debt levels make it harder for developing countries to find the $2 trillion-$2.8tr (1.8-2.6tr euros) they need to spend per year until 2030 to meet their commitments on climate change, according to the European Commission's expert group on sustainable finance.
African countries are among the most exposed to the impacts of climate change, in the form of worsening droughts and floods, but are responsible for only around 3% of global CO2 emissions, former UN chief Ban Ki-moon said last year.
What can be done?
Efforts to address the issue have focused on global debt restructuring. In 2020, the G20 group of major economies, which includes China, agreed on a common framework to restructure the debt of poor countries buckling under the impact of Covid.
The process was launched after Zambia defaulted on its foreign debt estimated at $17.3 billion.
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Posted on: 2023-06-21T11:50:36+05:00
